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Stengl, V., et al. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 115.51 (2011): 25209-25218.
Graphene is an ideal nanostructured product to pair with titania to enhance its absorption capacity and photocatalytic activity.
Preparation of Graphene-doped Titania Samples
100 mL 1.6m titanium oxide sulfate (TiOSO4) was slowly added to ammonium hydroxide solution (10%) and stirred in an ice bath at 0 °C until the reaction mixture reached pH 8.0, resulting in hydrolysis. Continue stirring until the reaction mixture reaches pH 8.0. The white precipitate obtained by filtration and separation. It is confirmed that BaCl2 can then be used to purify sulfate ion from precipitate with distilled water. The yellow titanium-peroxide composite solution was obtained by mixing wet precipitation with 100 mL 15% hydrogen peroxide solution.
Well-defined amounts of graphene nanosheets were dispersed in the yellow precursor of the titanium-aperoxo complex using ultrasound and annealed at 100 °C for 48 h on a heating mantle in a round-bottom flask with a reflux cooler. The resulting blue titania/graphene nanocomposite was filtered out and dried at 105 °C.
Zhang, Yanhui, et al. ACS nano 4.12 (2010): 7303-7314.
Graphene has many special properties such as high electron mobility, high surface area of about 2600 m2/g in theory, and high transparency. Therefore, the combination of TiO2 with graphene is able to improve the photocatalytic performance of TiO2 compared to other carbon allotropes.
TiO2-graphene (TiO2-GR) nanocomposites can be used as photocatalysts under ambient conditions, with much higher activity and stability for gas-phase degradation of benzene than bare TiO2. The effect of graphene on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2-GR nanocomposites was systematically investigated by considering different graphene addition ratios. It was found that the higher the addition of graphene in TiO2-GR nanocomposites, the lower the photocatalytic activity. The same phenomenon was also observed in the liquid-phase degradation of dyes on TiO2-GR nanocomposites. In addition, the key features of TiO2-GR, including increased adsorption of pollutants, enhanced light absorption intensity and range, and easy charge transport and separation, have been previously found in nanocomposites of TiO2 and carbon nanotubes (TiO2-CNTs).
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