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Guerrero-Contreras, J., & Caballero-Briones, F. Materials Chemistry and Physics. 2015, 153, 209-220.
Graphene oxide (GO) is a graphene-based material that exhibits fascinating chemical, optical, and electrical properties due to the graphene backbone and oxygen-containing functional groups located on the basal plane or at the edges of the sheet. Graphene oxide has attracted great interest due to the properties brought about by its abundant oxygen-containing groups.
Preparation of Graphene Oxide
a. GO was prepared by a variation of the Hummers method using synthetic graphite powder (<20 µm, 99.99 wt% purity) as the starting material. The GO synthesis procedure was described below:
b. 1 g graphite, 0.50 g sodium nitrate (NaNO3) and 23 ml concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) were added to a 500 ml flask and stirred in an ice bath at 5 °C for 5 minutes.
c. Potassium permanganate (KMnO4, 3 g) was then slowly added to the flask to prevent strong local reactions. The reaction mixture was kept at 5 °C for 2 h, and then the reaction temperature was slowly increased to 35 °C and maintained for 30 min under vigorous stirring.
d. Deionized water (46 ml) was added to the suspension, and the temperature rose to 98 °C due to the heat of hydration. The bath was kept at this temperature for 30 min under stirring.
e. The reaction was then completed by adding deionized water (140 ml) and hydrogen peroxide (10% v/v, 10 ml).
f. The obtained product was brown/light yellow and was separated from the solution by vacuum filtration.
g. The obtained GO powder was washed five times with diluted HCl (5% dome 200ml) solution and warm (70 °C) deionized water to remove residual Mn ions and acids, the sample was then placed in an environment with a temperature of 60 °C and dried for 12 hours.
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