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He, P., Cao, J., Ding, H., Liu, C., Neilson, J., Li, Z., ... & Derby, B. (2019). ACS applied materials & interfaces, 11(35), 32225-32234.
Graphene ink has emerged as a promising candidate for next-generation printed electronics due to its intrinsic conductivity, mechanical flexibility, and cost-effectiveness. In this study, a screen-printable graphene ink based on graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) was formulated using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, Mw ~1300 kDa) as a stabilizer and ethylene glycol (EG) as a solvent. The ink, with a GNP concentration of 100 mg/mL, exhibited excellent shear-thinning behavior (viscosity ~0.65 Pa·s at 10 s⁻¹), suitable for screen-printing processes.
The printed graphene patterns on flexible substrates such as plastic and paper demonstrated outstanding conductivity (8.81 × 10⁴ S·m⁻¹) following post-printing thermal annealing and compression rolling. Importantly, the conductivity remained stable even after 1000 mechanical bending cycles, highlighting the ink's durability and suitability for flexible devices.
This graphene ink was further utilized to fabricate supercapacitor electrodes by printing GNP patterns as current collectors and activated carbon as the active layer. The assembled supercapacitor exhibited strong rate capability up to 200 mV·s⁻¹, validating the electrochemical efficiency of the printed graphene architecture.
This work showcases the practical potential of graphene ink for large-scale production of low-cost, flexible electronic components. Its robust conductivity, printability, and mechanical resilience make it a viable alternative to conventional metal nanoparticle inks in flexible energy storage and wearable electronics.
Intaro, Taworn, and Paphawadee Netsuwan. Next Materials 8 (2025): 100808.
Graphene ink has been successfully applied in the development of a flexible, humidity-responsive sensor for accurately determining the dry rubber content (DRC) and total solid content (TSC) of fresh latex. In this study, graphene ink was screen-printed onto polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates and overlaid with a 5% (w/v) sodium polyacrylate (SPA) coating, creating a layered SPA/graphene ink/PET composite sensor. The sensor operates by detecting changes in relative resistance (ΔR%) in response to air humidity derived from water vapor in fresh latex, with resistance variation directly correlating with latex moisture levels.
Experimental measurements demonstrated a strong linear relationship between ΔR% and TSC, and between TSC and DRC. The derived equations enabled DRC estimation with an error margin under ±1.0% compared to ISO standard methods. The SPA layer significantly enhanced sensor sensitivity by absorbing ambient moisture, influencing the electrical properties of the underlying graphene ink layer.
This graphene ink-based sensor exhibited excellent reproducibility and stability, maintaining consistent performance over 20 operational cycles. Its rapid response, low-cost fabrication, and reusability make it a practical alternative to conventional gravimetric or titration-based DRC measurement techniques. The study highlights graphene ink's potential in the fabrication of advanced humidity-responsive electronic devices for agricultural and industrial monitoring applications.
Qi, R., Mi, H., Li, M., Wang, J., & Su, N. (2025). Diamond and Related Materials, 112523.
Graphene ink has been utilized in the fabrication of flexible temperature sensors capable of withstanding extreme thermal environments, through screen-printing onto ceramic fiber substrates. This study demonstrated that the integration of graphene ink with thermally stable ceramic fiber materials enables reliable temperature sensing from ambient conditions up to 500 °C, surpassing the limitations of conventional substrates like polyimide and silica aerogel, which degrade above 200 °C.
The flexible sensors were fabricated by printing graphene ink onto pre-cleaned and thermally conditioned substrates using a 350-mesh screen. Subsequent curing at 200 °C ensured uniform ink adhesion and minimized film voids. The ceramic fiber-based sensors maintained electrical and structural integrity even under 800 °C thermal shocks and repeated mechanical bending, exhibiting a maximum response time of 4.72 s and a standard deviation of 1.44 during operation.
Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the retention of film morphology and substrate structure post-treatment. The exceptional thermal endurance of the ceramic fiber substrate-attributed to its low thermal conductivity and high melting point-allowed the sensor to function reliably under demanding industrial conditions.
This work underscores the significance of substrate selection in advancing the operational limits of graphene ink-based sensors and presents a scalable, screen-printing-based strategy for fabricating robust, high-performance thermal sensors suitable for applications in aerospace, automotive exhaust monitoring, and fire safety systems.
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