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Elman, Roman R., et al. Journal of Energy Storage 119 (2025): 116408.
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have emerged as a powerful additive to improve hydrogen storage capabilities in metal hydride systems. In a recent study, a Mg/MgH₂ + 5 wt% SWCNT composite demonstrated enhanced hydrogen sorption properties through nanoscale interface engineering. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that SWCNTs were uniformly distributed over Mg/MgH₂ particles and partially embedded into the bulk, while iron nanoparticles (residual from SWCNT synthesis) were deposited onto the magnesium surface.
These nanostructures introduced defects and acted as nucleation centers, facilitating the formation of hydrogenated and dehydrogenated phases. As a result, the activation energies for hydrogen absorption and desorption were significantly lowered by 13 and 24 kJ/mol, respectively. The modified composite achieved a hydrogen uptake of 4.8 wt% in 6000 seconds under 563 K and 3 MPa, outperforming pristine Mg/MgH₂ (4.3 wt%). Although desorption capacity of the composite (4.8 wt%) was slightly lower than pure Mg/MgH₂ (5.2 wt%), the SWCNT-enhanced composite exhibited remarkable cycling stability across 10 hydrogenation-dehydrogenation cycles.
Positron annihilation spectroscopy provided in situ evidence of defect evolution during cycling, confirming SWCNT-induced microstructural refinement. This study highlights that single-walled carbon nanotubes are a key nanomaterial for improving hydrogen kinetics, capacity, and cycling durability in advanced solid-state hydrogen storage systems.
Blanco-Caamano, Paula, et al. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 669 (2024): 495-505.
In a novel approach to photocatalysis, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were covalently functionalized with a ruthenium bipyridine complex to yield a visible-light-responsive hybrid catalyst (SWNT-Ru). The synthesis began with purification of commercial SWNTs via HCl treatment, followed by diazonium chemistry to graft 5-amino-1,10-phenanthroline onto the nanotube surfaces (SWNT-Phen). Subsequent coordination with [Ru(bpy)₂Cl₂] in ethanol under inert conditions at 80 °C for 3 days produced the final SWNT-Ru composite.
Characterization confirmed successful covalent bonding and uniform distribution of organometallic moieties along the SWNT backbone. The resulting material exhibited robust photoluminescent properties and demonstrated exceptional performance in the selective photooxidation of organic sulfides to sulfoxides under visible-light irradiation. SWNT-Ru efficiently converted over 10 structurally diverse substrates, including value-added chemicals, maintaining catalytic activity over six cycles without metal leaching-outperforming analogous homogeneous Ru catalysts.
Mechanistically, SWNT-Ru follows both Type I and Type II photooxidation pathways, showcasing its versatility and durability. The strong covalent anchoring of the catalyst to the SWNT scaffold not only ensures reusability but also provides enhanced electron mobility, facilitating efficient photocatalysis. This work highlights the potential of single-walled carbon nanotubes as durable platforms for visible-light-driven oxidation processes in green chemical synthesis.
Ma, Ligang, et al. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 141 (2025): 24-34.
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been successfully utilized for the preparation of SWCNT@ZnIn₂S₄ (SWCNT@ZIS) nanocomposites through an in situ growth strategy, yielding a highly efficient photocatalytic system. In this work, carboxylated SWCNTs were employed as a 1D conductive framework to anchor 3D ZnIn₂S₄ (ZIS) nanostructures. The interfacial bonding between SWCNTs and ZIS was confirmed by detailed structural and morphological characterizations, indicating robust hybrid formation and uniform ZIS distribution.
This unique nanocomposite architecture significantly promotes the directional transport and spatial separation of photogenerated charge carriers, owing to the excellent conductivity of the SWCNTs and the enhanced interface contact. Additionally, the partial removal of oxygenated groups from SWCNTs during synthesis helps maintain their intrinsic electrical properties. Notably, the inclusion of SWCNTs suppressed ZIS agglomeration, increased the surface area, and improved light-harvesting ability in the visible region.
Photocatalytic testing under visible-light irradiation (λ > 420 nm) revealed superior performance of SWCNT@ZIS over pristine ZIS. This enhancement is attributed to improved electron mobility, increased active sites, and optimized light absorption. This study demonstrates that SWCNTs not only serve as a structural scaffold but also actively enhance photocatalytic efficiency, making them ideal components for the fabrication of advanced semiconductor-based hybrid materials for sustainable photocatalytic applications.
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