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Moreno-Lanceta, et al. Pharmaceutics 12.9 (2020): 850.
Single-walled carbon nanohorns (SWCNHs) are graphene-based angular nanostructured aggregates with diverse features that are considered suitable nanosystems for targeted drug delivery. They can be easily synthesized and functionalized to obtain desired physicochemical properties, and no toxicological effects have been reported in vivo after administration.
Application of SWCNHs in Cancer Treatment.
At present, the use of SWCNH to treat cancer can be divided into the following categories:
· SWCHN as anti-tumor nanoparticles
· Nano-systems for targeting the use of chemicals or drugs targeting cancer cells.
· Phosphothermal and photodynamic treatment.
· Gene therapy (increasing or interfering with gene expression).
· Immune induction
Zhu, Shuyun, and Guobao Xu. Nanoscale 2.12 (2010): 2538-2549.
Covalent Functionalization
The covalent functionalization of SWCNHs was performed by azomethine-yielding 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. Based on this approach, a large number of pyrrolidine units fused with C-C bonds were introduced on the sidewalls of SWCNHs. The concentration of pyrene in the functionalized SWCNHs was measured and it was found that there was one pyrene moiety approximately every 45 carbon atoms in SWCNHs.
Non-covalent Functionalization
To avoid the perturbation of the continuous π-electron network of SWCNHs, supramolecular approaches have been developed that exploit non-covalent π-π stacking interactions and/or cooperative electrostatic interactions between the sidewalls of SWCNHs and aromatic organic materials. Thus, patterned assembly of SWCNH monolayers on oxide surfaces was achieved by using bifunctional molecules bearing a pyrene moiety at one end (π-π stacking interaction with SWCNHs) and a silane at the other end (covalent bonding with the hydroxyl groups on the oxide surface). The same approach was used to synthesize SWCNH/nanoparticle binary nanomaterials using pyrene succinimidyl ester bifunctional molecules.
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