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Singh, Ravinder, et al. Synthetic Metals 307 (2024): 117676.
Phosphorus-doped graphene (PGO) was employed in the synthesis of a novel ternary nanocomposite-PANI/1T-2H MoS₂/PGO-for the development of high-performance ammonia gas sensors operating efficiently at room temperature. The fabrication process combined solvothermal treatment with in-situ polymerization to integrate porous polyaniline (PANI), hybrid-phase molybdenum disulfide (1T-2H MoS₂), and PGO into a unified sensing matrix.
PGO contributed significantly to the nanocomposite's electrical conductivity, catalytic activity, and surface area. Morphological and structural characterization was conducted using SEM, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, TEM, XPS, and BET analyses. The incorporation of PGO notably enhanced the BET surface area of the composite to 54.72 m²/g, compared to 31.8 m²/g for pristine PANI, which directly benefited gas adsorption and diffusion kinetics.
Sensor performance evaluation revealed that the PANI/1T-2H MoS₂/PGO composite achieved an exceptional sensing response of ~1070% to 100 ppm NH₃, with a rapid response time of 12 s, recovery in 30 s, and a remarkably low detection limit of 10 ppb. The sensor displayed high linearity in the 10-100 ppm range, demonstrating its robustness and sensitivity.
This study confirms that phosphorus-doped graphene is critical in the preparation of multifunctional nanocomposites, enabling next-generation, energy-efficient gas sensors for environmental and industrial applications.
Li, Quanfu, et al. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 379 (2023): 133234.
Phosphorus-doped graphene has been successfully developed via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using phosphorus pentoxide as the dopant precursor at 480 °C, offering a scalable and efficient strategy for tuning graphene's gas sensing properties. This modification introduces stable P-O functional groups onto the graphene framework, as confirmed by XPS, EDS, and FTIR analysis. These oxygen-rich phosphorus moieties enhance the material's affinity for ammonia by providing abundant active sites for molecular adsorption
The NH₃-sensing performance of the phosphorus-doped graphene sensor demonstrates a significant enhancement compared to undoped graphene. On average, the ammonia response was increased by 2.4-fold. Moreover, the response and recovery times were dramatically reduced by 70.6% and 73.4%, respectively, enabling fast and repeatable detection. The theoretical limit of detection reached as low as 68.76 ppb, reflecting excellent sensitivity for trace-level ammonia monitoring.
The sensor also exhibited superior selectivity, long-term stability, and reproducibility, positioning it as a strong candidate for practical NH₃ detection in environmental and industrial safety applications. This study highlights that phosphorus-doped graphene is used for the preparation of ultra-sensitive and selective ammonia sensors, providing a reliable pathway for developing next-generation gas sensing devices based on modified two-dimensional nanomaterials.
Tamilarasi, S., et al. Materials Today Chemistry 34 (2023): 101765.
Phosphorus-doped graphene (PG) has been employed as a functional substrate for the fabrication of NiO₂@PG nanocomposites, enabling high-performance electrochemical glucose detection in human serum. The preparation begins with the uniform coating of graphene oxide (GO) sheets with phosphorus atoms via a chemical reflux technique, producing stable phosphorus-doped graphene with enhanced electrical conductivity and structural stability. Subsequently, NiO₂ hierarchical nanosheets are grown onto the PG surface to form the final NiO₂@PG nanocomposite, with phosphorus functionalities playing a key role in anchoring NiO₂ and preventing GO restacking.
Comprehensive characterization using Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, and microscopy confirmed the successful integration and uniform dispersion of NiO₂ on the PG substrate. The resulting sensor demonstrated a low detection limit of 7.83 μM, excellent linear response in the 10-170 μM glucose concentration range, and a high coefficient of determination (R² = 0.980), indicating robust analytical performance. Glucose recovery in human serum samples reached 96-98%, validating the composite's applicability in clinical diagnostics.
Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations provided mechanistic insights, revealing that glucose oxidation enhances charge delocalization across the NiO₂@PG interface, contributing to signal amplification. This study underscores that phosphorus-doped graphene is used for the preparation of NiO₂-based electrochemical sensors, supporting its future use in biosensing technologies.
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