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Ma, Chong-Bo, et al. Nanoscale 6.11 (2014): 5624-5629.
In this study, graphene oxide (GO) paper was employed as a key substrate for the synthesis of MoS₂ nanoflowers (MoS₂NFs) via a facile, one-pot solvothermal method. The resulting hybrid structure, MoS₂NF/rGO paper, functioned as a freestanding and flexible working electrode with promising application in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysis.
The GO paper was fabricated by casting an aqueous GO solution into a PTFE mold and allowing it to dry at room temperature. Following this, the paper was reduced using hydroiodic acid to yield reduced graphene oxide (rGO) paper with enhanced conductivity. This rGO paper was subsequently integrated into a solvothermal synthesis system containing ammonium tetrathiomolybdate ((NH₄)₂MoS₄), trioctylphosphine (TOP), and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The reaction, carried out at 200 °C for 24 hours, resulted in uniform in situ growth of MoS₂NFs on the rGO substrate.
Electrochemical measurements revealed that the MoS₂NF/rGO electrode achieved an overpotential of -0.19 V and a Tafel slope of approximately 95 mV dec⁻¹, demonstrating high catalytic efficiency and mechanical durability.
This case highlights the utility of GO paper as a scalable, flexible, and functional platform for advanced electrode fabrication in clean energy applications.
Song, Run-Min, et al. Applied Sciences 8.6 (2018): 848.
This study demonstrates the successful application of graphene oxide paper (GOP) as a flexible, conductive substrate for constructing a sensitive hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) sensor. Free-standing reduced graphene oxide paper (rGOP) was fabricated via a simple vacuum filtration method using a 2 mg/mL aqueous GO dispersion. The paper thickness was tunable based on the volume of GO solution used. After drying, the GOP was chemically reduced using hydroiodic acid to produce rGOP with enhanced conductivity and structural integrity.
Platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) were electrodeposited onto the rGOP using cyclic voltammetry in H₂SO₄ containing H₂PtCl₆. The resulting Pt/rGOP hybrid electrode exhibited high electrocatalytic activity, a large electrochemical active surface area, and excellent flexibility. Characterization techniques, including SEM, EDX, XPS, and Raman spectroscopy, confirmed the successful deposition and strong interaction between PtNPs and the rGOP substrate.
Electrochemical tests revealed that the sensor provided two distinct linear response ranges (0.2 μmol/L to 2.0 mmol/L and 2.0 mmol/L to 8.5 mmol/L), a detection limit as low as 100 nmol/L (S/N = 3), and a rapid response time under 5 seconds. These findings highlight the pivotal role of graphene oxide paper in enabling the development of robust, flexible, and highly sensitive electrochemical biosensors for potential applications in point-of-care diagnostics.
Compton, Owen C., et al. ACS nano 6.3 (2012): 2008-2019.
This study explores the critical role of water content in modulating the mechanical properties of graphene oxide paper (GOP) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-graphene oxide nanocomposite films. Combining experimental analysis with ReaxFF-based molecular dynamics simulations, the work reveals how water molecules act as structural bridges, enhancing stress transfer through a cooperative hydrogen-bonding network within the layered lamellar architecture of GOP.
For pristine graphene oxide paper, the optimal stiffness was achieved at a water content of approximately 5 wt%, beyond which excessive hydration leads to diminished mechanical performance due to gallery space saturation. At this concentration, water molecules efficiently form hydrogen bonds between adjacent GO sheets, maximizing modulus enhancement without compromising structural integrity.
Incorporation of PVA chains into the interlayer spaces of GOP further strengthens the hydrogen-bonding network, mimicking the toughening strategies observed in natural biomaterials. This modification leads to increased stiffness in the composite system, though the mechanical reinforcement continues to improve upon dehydration, with no observed saturation even at a final water content of ~7 wt%.
This case highlights graphene oxide paper as an ideal model system for fundamental studies of mechanical reinforcement in 2D nanomaterials, offering tunable interfacial properties and compatibility with polymeric modifiers. Such insights are crucial for the rational design of next-generation nanocomposite films with tailored mechanical properties for flexible electronics, coatings, and structural materials.
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